_
Vacancies.--Section 2, Clause 3. _The President shall have power to fill
up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by
granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next
session._
Presidential Appointments.--It would be quite impossible for the
President, personally, to oversee all of these appointments, and so a
large percentage of them is made by officials in the different
departments. There are, besides the ambassadors, consuls, and judges of
the Supreme Court, some 7000 so-called Presidential officers, whose
appointments must receive the sanction of the Senate. More than one-half
of these are postmasters of the first class[47]. Among the most
important of these officers are the Cabinet, interstate commerce
commissioners, district attorneys, and all military and naval officers
whose appointment is not otherwise ordered by law.
[Footnote 47: Those who receive an annual salary of $1000 and above.]
Official Patronage.--In making his appointments the President
is largely dependent upon the advice of the head of that department
under whose direction the officer will come, or upon the
recommendation of the representatives and senators of his party
from the State in which the office is located.
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