There is reserved to the Supreme Court the decision of
cases involving constitutionality.
The circuit courts of appeals have the final decision in nearly all
other cases involving merely the application of ordinary law.
The jurisdiction of the district courts embraces criminal cases,
admiralty cases, bankruptcy proceedings, suits for penalties, and
the like. In general, the jurisdiction of cases formerly in the
circuit courts was transferred to the district courts when the
circuit courts were discontinued.
The Court of Claims "shall hear and determine all claims founded
upon any law of Congress, or upon any regulation of an executive
department, or upon any contract, express or implied, with the
government of the United States, which may be suggested to it by a
petition filed therein; and also all claims which may be referred
to said court by either house of Congress."[57]
[Footnote 57: Statutes at Large, 612.
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