Until
recently there existed in Europe two absolute monarchies--Russia and
Turkey.
The Cabinet System of Government.--In the relations existing
between their legislative and executive departments, the European
governments differ considerably from that of the United States. In our
government we find, in theory at least, that these departments are
separated; in the European governments there is a close relation of the
legislative and executive branches, through some form of "cabinet
responsibility." This "cabinet system" of government is found in the
republics as well as in the constitutional monarchies of Europe, and in
the self-governing British possessions, such as Canada and the
Australian colonies.[67] The difference between the congressional and
the cabinet systems is greater in appearance than in reality; for in the
United States the President and his Cabinet exert considerable influence
upon legislation.
ENGLAND GERMANY
Monarch--hereditary in the Emperor--hereditary
line fixed by Parliament King of Prussia
_Cabinet_ _Ministry_
Nineteen members[65] chosen by Eight ministers, Chancellor at
the Prime minister the head, appointed by the
Emperor
_Parliament_ _Parliament_
Limit of term, seven years Term, five years
_House of Lords_ _Bundesrath or General Council_
586 members, holding seats 58 members appointed by the
(1) by heredity, (2) by German States
appointment by crown,
(3) by election[66]
_House of Commons_ _Reichstag or Diet of the Realm_
670 members elected by the 397 members elected by the
people of England, Scotland, people
and Ireland
[Footnote 65: The number of members in the ministries of England and
Germany varies.
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